Negative aspects of one's home area push them away from it, and make them look for somewhere better.
Positive characteristics of new places which attract people to move there are pull factors.
Impacts of International Migration
Migrant workers often send money back to their country of origin to help their families. This is a disadvantage to the host country, as money leaves the economy, but the country of origin can benefit enormously.
Finding accommodation can be difficult for migrants in the UK, so social services have helped, which causes resentment from UK citizens who feel they are being treated as second class in their own country.
Demand for housing has grown immensely in the UK during the early 21st century, and this is greater than supply. The quickly rising property prices in the early 2000s were partially fuelled by immigration.
Migration brings labour and skills, which has caused the economies of the UK and the EU to grow.
Exploitation of migrants by negligent gang masters does happen, for example the deaths of 23 Chinese cockle pickers in Morecambe Bay in February 2004.
Schools taking immigrant children may be under pressure, and British parents may feel that their children's opportunities have been reduced as teachers focus on those whose first language is not English.
Cultural mixing is often seen as positive, as long as racial prejudice does not become a problem.
Very Small Example
!8-year-old Jana Susinkova came to the UK from Slovakia with her boyfriend in 2002. She worked as a cleaner, undercutting local people by at least £1 an hour, and enough work to keep her busy 6 days a week. Her boyfriend was a mechanic and odd-job man. Late in 2007 Jana returned to Slovakia, while her boyfriend had already left to the Czech Republic as the growing economy offered increased opportunities for skilled people. They had saved enough money in the UK to build a 4 bedroom house for their married life. Jana used her fluent English to find a well-paid job where she uses it every day.
Migration within the EU
Wealthier countries usually receive temporary or permanent immigrants searching for work and a better lifestyle.
The UK received 600,000 Eastern European migrants between 2004 and 2006, the largest group were Polish.
Most have found formal jobs with much better pay that they would receive at home.
Poles receive on average 5x as much as they would at home, while the cost of living in the UK is only 2x the cost in Poland.
Most migrants pay tax, which contributes to the UK economy.
However, some work in the informal economy (working for cash and not paying tax) and they use the UK's health and education service.
Overall, the UK economy has benefited from the influx of migrants from Poland, although many workers are temporary, returning home from the UK as opportunities in Poland increase.
Migration from Outside the EU
Europe currently receives over 2 million immigrants from beyond its borders a year - more than any other world region.
Europe's ratio between current population and immigrants is higher than the USA's.
The European population is changing more in age and racial structure due to immigration than by changes in birth and death rate.
About 8.6% of the EU's people are foreign born, compared with 10.3% of the USA and almost 25% of Australia.
Labour Migration (not migration caused by people fleeing Corbyn)
Cheaper travel and more information attract skilled and unskilled labourers to Europe.
The UN predicts that the immigration into the EU will rise by 40% over 40 years.
Europe needs immigrants because of its falling birth rate and the resulting lack of workers.
Highly skilled workers often come to the EU to take temporary jobs in areas of shortage such as teaching, nursing and high-tech computer jobs. About 20% are graduates.
Nevertheless, many people see immigration as a problem rather than an opportunity.
International Labour Migration to the EU: Senegal to Italy
Patterns of emigration from Senegal to Italy are well established:
People, mainly male, aged from their teens to their 40s leave. Those that return bring enough money to build a house.
Money is sent home to support children, but those children suffer badly without their fathers at home.
The dry climate has limited Senegal's subsistence farming.
Funds sent home to the village of Beud Forage have helped to set up water and electricity supplies, but houses left by emigrants lie empty and unemployment is high.
There is little to attract migrants to return.
Refugee Movement to the EU
The differences between refugees and asylum seekers are that refugees intend to return to their home country, and asylum seekers intend to stay in the new country.
One third of EU immigrants claim to be asylum seekers.
However, some economic migrants have claimed to be asylum seekers, believing it would give them a better chance of being able to stay in the EU.
This has created strong feelings against genuine asylum seekers.
The EU has been criticised by the UN for not taking in enough refugees, although it does have a good record:
The 1990s Bosnian war produced hundreds of thousands of refugees to the EU. Germany alone took 400,000 many of whom returned home once the situation was peaceful
Today the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide most asylum claims. Sweden is particularly generous to Asylum seekers, by 2007 70,000 Iraqis already lived there - half of those coming to the EU.
The Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Belgium and the UK have given homes to most of the rest.
Asylum requests to EU countries from Iraqis increased to 38,286 in 2007 to 19,376 in 2006.
Push-Pull Factors: Push factors are the negative aspects of a place that encourage people to move away. Pull factors are the attractions and opportunities of a place that encourage people to move there. Migration: The movement of people from one permanent home to another, with the intention of staying at least a year. This move may be within a country (national migration) or between countries (international migration). Destination: The country where a migrant settles. Country of Origin: The country from which a migrant starts. Immigrant: Someone entering a new country with the intention of living there. Emigrant: Someone leaving their country of residence to move to another country. Economic Migrant: Someone trying to improve their standards of living, who moves voluntarily. Chloropleth Map: A map where areas are shaded to show a range of figures. The higher categories are shown in darker colous and the colours get lighter as the figures reduce.