Contents (Though You Could Just Use the Drop Down Menu at the Top)
What Has Appeared in Previous Papers:
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
|
Food Chains and Webs |
Yes |
|||
Biomes |
||||
Explanation of Different Climates |
Yes |
|||
Temperate Deciduous Forest Location |
|
Yes |
||
Temperate Deciduous Forest Stratification |
||||
Temperate Deciduous Forest Adaptation (includes climate and soils) |
||||
Epping Forest (Sustainable) Management |
Yes |
|||
Tropical Rainforest Location |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes (but with map) |
|
Tropical Rainforest Stratification |
Yes |
|||
Tropical Rainforest Adaptation (link to climate and/or soils) |
Yes (climate) |
Yes (climate) |
||
Threats to Rainforests Malaysia Case Study |
Yes |
|||
Sustainable Management Malaysia |
||||
Worldwide Initiatives to prevent Deforestation |
Yes |
|||
Hot Desert Location |
Yes (but with map) |
|||
Hot Desert Adaptations (linked to climate and/or soils) |
Yes (both) |
|||
The Thar Desert |
Yes |
|||
The Sonoran Desert |
Yes |
Yes |
||
Describing Vegetation from a photo |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Map Work Distances |
Yes |
|||
Other map work stuff |
Yes |
Key Definitions:
Ecosystem: The living and non-living components of an environment and the interrelationships that exists between them. Some examples of living components are birds, animals, fish or insects. Some examples of non-living components are the climate, soil, water and light.
Biomes: These are global-scale ecosystems, for example a tropical rainforest.
Adaptations: The ways that organisms evolve to cope with certain environmental conditions, such as excessive rainfall.
Producers: Organisms, such as trees, that obtain their energy from a primary source like the sun.
Consumers: Organisms, like lions, that obtain their energy from eating other organisms.
Food Chain: A line of linkages between producers and consumers (as well as sometimes decomposers and the Sun).
Food Web: A diagram that shows all the linkages between producers and consumers in an ecosystem (and sometimes decomposers and the Sun.)
Scavengers: Organisms that consume dead animals and/or plants.
Decomposers: Organisms, such as bacteria, that break down plant and animal matter.
Nutrient Cycling: The recycling of nutrients between living organisms and the environment.
Temperate Deciduous Forest: A forest comprising of broad-leaved trees, such as oak, that drop their leaves in the autumn.
Stratification: The layering of forests, particularly evident in temperate deciduous forests and tropical rainforests.
Tropical Rainforests: The natural vegetation found in the tropics, well suited to the high temperatures and heavy rainfall found in these latitudes.
Leaching: The dissolving and removal of nutrients from the soil, typically very effective in tropical rainforests on account of the heavy rainfall.
Arid: Dry conditions typically associated with deserts.
Hot Deserts: Regions of the world with high day-time temperatures, and less than 250mm of rainfall per year.
Pollarding: Cutting off trees at about shoulder height to encourage new growth.
Sustainable Management: A management approach that conserves the environment for future generations to enjoy as it is today.
Primary (Virgin) Rainforest: Rainforest that represent the natural vegetation in the region unaffected by the actions of people.
Deforestation: The cutting down and removal of forest.
Clear Felling: The absolute removal of trees from an area.
Selective Logging: The cutting down of selected trees, leaving most of the trees intact.
Slash and Burn: A form of subsistence farming practised in tropical rainforests involving selective felling of trees and clearance of land by burning to enable food crops to be planted.
Selective Management System: A form of sustainable forestry management adopted in Malaysia.
Ecotourism: Nature tourism usually involving small groups with minimal impact on the environment.
Debt Relief: Many poorer countries are in debt, having borrowed money from developed countries to support their economic development. There is strong international pressure for these developed countries to clear these debts - this is debt relief.
Carbon Sink: Forests are carbon sinks because trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They help to address the problem of global carbon emissions.
Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO): An organisation that collects money and distributes it to needy causes, e.g. Oxfam, ActionAid and WaterAid.
Subsistence Farming: Farming to produce food for the farmer and his/her family only.
Hunter-Gatherers: People who carry out a basic form of subsistence farming involving hunting animals and gathering fruit and nuts.
Commercial Farming: Farming with the intention of making profit by selling crops and/or livestock.
Salinisation: The deposition of solid salts on the ground surface following the evaporation of water.
Retirement Migration: Migration to an area for retirement.
Biomes: These are global-scale ecosystems, for example a tropical rainforest.
Adaptations: The ways that organisms evolve to cope with certain environmental conditions, such as excessive rainfall.
Producers: Organisms, such as trees, that obtain their energy from a primary source like the sun.
Consumers: Organisms, like lions, that obtain their energy from eating other organisms.
Food Chain: A line of linkages between producers and consumers (as well as sometimes decomposers and the Sun).
Food Web: A diagram that shows all the linkages between producers and consumers in an ecosystem (and sometimes decomposers and the Sun.)
Scavengers: Organisms that consume dead animals and/or plants.
Decomposers: Organisms, such as bacteria, that break down plant and animal matter.
Nutrient Cycling: The recycling of nutrients between living organisms and the environment.
Temperate Deciduous Forest: A forest comprising of broad-leaved trees, such as oak, that drop their leaves in the autumn.
Stratification: The layering of forests, particularly evident in temperate deciduous forests and tropical rainforests.
Tropical Rainforests: The natural vegetation found in the tropics, well suited to the high temperatures and heavy rainfall found in these latitudes.
Leaching: The dissolving and removal of nutrients from the soil, typically very effective in tropical rainforests on account of the heavy rainfall.
Arid: Dry conditions typically associated with deserts.
Hot Deserts: Regions of the world with high day-time temperatures, and less than 250mm of rainfall per year.
Pollarding: Cutting off trees at about shoulder height to encourage new growth.
Sustainable Management: A management approach that conserves the environment for future generations to enjoy as it is today.
Primary (Virgin) Rainforest: Rainforest that represent the natural vegetation in the region unaffected by the actions of people.
Deforestation: The cutting down and removal of forest.
Clear Felling: The absolute removal of trees from an area.
Selective Logging: The cutting down of selected trees, leaving most of the trees intact.
Slash and Burn: A form of subsistence farming practised in tropical rainforests involving selective felling of trees and clearance of land by burning to enable food crops to be planted.
Selective Management System: A form of sustainable forestry management adopted in Malaysia.
Ecotourism: Nature tourism usually involving small groups with minimal impact on the environment.
Debt Relief: Many poorer countries are in debt, having borrowed money from developed countries to support their economic development. There is strong international pressure for these developed countries to clear these debts - this is debt relief.
Carbon Sink: Forests are carbon sinks because trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They help to address the problem of global carbon emissions.
Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO): An organisation that collects money and distributes it to needy causes, e.g. Oxfam, ActionAid and WaterAid.
Subsistence Farming: Farming to produce food for the farmer and his/her family only.
Hunter-Gatherers: People who carry out a basic form of subsistence farming involving hunting animals and gathering fruit and nuts.
Commercial Farming: Farming with the intention of making profit by selling crops and/or livestock.
Salinisation: The deposition of solid salts on the ground surface following the evaporation of water.
Retirement Migration: Migration to an area for retirement.